Is Humanistic Buddhism a New Phenomenon or A Revival of the Original Intent of the Buddha?

Abstract: 

In general, scholars argue whether ‘Humanistic Buddhism’ is a systematic re-introduction of Buddhism that has already been in pre-modern China or a new methodical re-manifestation about the core tenets of the Buddha. Herein, this study will defend the view that Humanistic Buddhism can be considered as a revival of the original intent of Śākyamuni Buddha, albeit not a new phenomenon. In effect, by employing the comparative case-study methodology, the research has shown several key findings. Firstly, Humanistic Buddhism was deemed as a ramification of a contemporary movement in China during the early twentieth century. Secondly, Master Taixu and Hsing Yun carried out missionary work to generate a new strength, solidarity, and authenticity in society. Thirdly, based on the early Buddhist texts and doctrines, they advanced the so-called concept of ‘Humanistic Buddhism’ as a means of thriving in personal and societal well-being – in virtue of the notion, ‘rensheng fojiao’ (‘Human Life Buddhism’); this has largely been integrated with the central aspects of early Buddhism such as the Threefold Training (thriśikṣā), the Four Immeasurables (brahmavihāra), the Ten Wholesome Deeds (daśa-kuśala-karma), and etc. However, this work is solely based on the selected teachings of Mahāyāna Buddhism with special reference to China.