The Paradox of Free Higher Education:
Examining the Impacts of No-Cost College Policy

Author: Joel Paulin Mendoza

Affiliation: Harvard Graduate School of Education

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Abstract:​​​​

 

Globally, there has been a concerted effort to implement free tertiary education in public universities and colleges. This study conducts a systematic literature review to examine existing evidence on the impact of free college education policies. Preliminary findings indicate that the removal of tuition fees enhances access to higher education, with increased enrollment emerging as the most notable effect. However, challenges persist, particularly concerning student retention, degree completion rates, and equitable access for individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Moreover, several studies highlight the necessity of critically assessing the criteria for implementing such policies, given the substantial financial investment required from governments. Without careful planning and regulation, these policies may be subject to inefficiencies and unintended consequences.

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Keywords: education policy, higher education, free college education​

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ISSN 3069-8200